(RUS) Trip to Europe with P.S

Trip to Europe with P.S.

From 1:08 for 17.08.06 by the invitation of Jan Clod Raybaud (Jean Claude) has made a trip to France. Jean Claude, the businessman from France deals many years with the issues concerning use of the filled energy.

In particular performs works on heating and hot water supply of buildings with use of solar energy. He was interested in our works on oven heating and hot water supply of buildings. So about a year ago our cooperation has begun. During this time Jean Claude has done a great job and has organized factory production of furnaces of our System from prefabricated shamotny elements. Creation of the multipurpose furnace capable in winter time to provide the house with heating and hot water was the purpose of his work. To include it in the uniform system of water heating and hot water supply from two power sources, the sun and firewood. Besides, the furnace has to be beautiful and gave the chance to cook in her food. He has coped with this work very well. Production has been for a short time created and production of the grain furnace with registers of water heating is organized.

The furnace, two-story cap, has the sizes of 0.8х0.9х1.7 meters. External walls have thickness of 60 mm. The furnace has the closed camera for cooking. Inside two registers from inch pipes 1 and 1.5 with the developed surface 1.76 square meters are inserted. The sizes of the furnace are accepted in compliance by the European EN15250 standard. For this reason to execute in it the catalyst with giving in it secondary air was impossible because of the small height of a toplivnik. The volume of a toplivnik is equal to 86 liters. The area of walls of a toplivnik of 0,88 sq.m, sweat and overlapping - 0,15 sq.m. All air necessary for burning moves through an adjustable opening in blew outside of the room. From where secondary air moves in a crack before a door and three rows of rectangular openings in a back wall of the furnace. The crack device before a door has been called by the fact that the furnace door has no openings from below and from above for supply of secondary air. Crack width (dry seam) of 2 cm. For testing and operational development of furnaces was various devices of Testo www.testo.com are acquired.

Heating capacity of registers wasn't checked due to the lack of water flowmeters. Registers are girdled with a tank the heataccumulator with a capacity of 2.5 tons and also on a small ring "a straight line - the return pipe" via the thermostat opening a way on a big ring at a temperature of heat carrier of 55 degrees. Then the circulation pulser turns on. At test of the furnace of the electric heater heated up.

At test of the furnace with unary walls of 17.12.05, heating of a wall between points 2 and 3 reached temperature of 125 degrees that is inadmissible. The second cap in a point 4 heated up to 48 degrees. However, according to Jeanne Claude, tests were carried out according to the adopted standards, that is the quality of firewood was better also their quantity more. From told follows that at execution of the specified furnace to double walls there is a redistribution of heat. Registers heat up more, and walls heat up to admissible temperature and longer hold heat.

It should be noted that during tests, we several times slightly opened a fire chamber door at a small size to check the nature of change of burning. Also opened a door and stirred coals. In that and other case time wasn't fixed.

By results of experiments and observations it is possible to draw the following conclusions: At combustion of fuel without supply of primary air there is a slow pure burning of fuel at rather low temperatures. Such combustion of fuel can be applied in heating thin-walled furnaces. At supply of primary air in quantity bigger, than secondary, in a total amount of the given air, there is a "dirty" burning. At supply of primary air in quantity smaller, than secondary, in a total amount of the given air, there is a pure burning at rather bigger temperature, than in the first case. It should be noted that at the end of burning when in a fire chamber there are smoldering coals, an exit of carbon monoxide (SO) sharply raises. Though externally it is shown by nothing neither on change of color of coals nor on other external signs. This question demands studying. At all tests the lowered temperature of the coming-out gases in a pipe was fixed.

Practice shows that use of the catalyst with supply of secondary air in him and under him, and also reduction of primary air in a total amount of the given air, improves gasification of fuel and increases temperature in a toplivnik approximately by one and a half times, at pure burning. For example, in the BIC wood bathing furnace (the bathing furnace of Igor Kuznetsov) temperature is more than 1060 degrees Celsius. The stone a jade, temperature which melting of 1060 With melts. It is possible to look at it here: Oven affairs of the Master Such combustion of fuel allows to build any multipurpose furnaces, including industrial furnaces for performance of the technological tasks solved in the high-temperature field, coppers of water heating, furnaces for baths, etc. Temperature of the coming-out gases is optimized.

Except above the specified tests we tested other similar furnace in which firewood kept within standing with a small inclination back. The furnace is executed without dry seams and registers. In this furnace the grid-iron lattice is executed from four shamotny elements in the form of the triangles established on the basis by top up. Between elements there are cracks about 10 mm, for supply of primary air. At the beginning of combustion of fuel when coals don't hammer a crack between grid-irons, there is a vigorous burning to allocation from a smoke pipe (dirty burning). In process of clogging of cracks, burning becomes purer. The furnace door can't be opened because of smoking through it.

Summarizing everything told it is possible to draw conclusions:

 In our System combustion of fuel with adjustable supply of both primary, and secondary air is optimum. At the same time the volume of supply of primary air has to be a smaller share in total amount of the given air. In large thermal units it is possible to automate air supply depending on structure and temperature of the coming-out gases in all stages of burning. It will allow to optimize in every respect combustion of fuel in them. It is important to organize supply of secondary air correctly. At the same time the excess of air increases purity of combustion of fuel and influences change of efficiency a little.

 Toplivnik on height has to be limited by the catalyst in the form of a lattice from shamotny elements with giving in this zone of secondary air.

 Furnace doors to apply what have a possibility of adjustable air supply as in the lower, and top part.

 Walls of the lower cap need to be done double.

I am grateful to Mr. Jan Clod Raybaud and destiny that I had an opportunity to participate in some experiments and tests of furnaces. In Russia I have no opportunity to perform such work due to the lack of laboratory, devices, specialists in test and financings.

Unfortunately, during the trip we had no opportunity, necessary devices and model for measurements of temperature and composition of gases on height of a toplivnik and a cap. These data are necessary for many scientists for studying of the laws "Systems of the Free Movement of Gases". Here big opening can wait for us.

It would be very important to carry out tests on the general thermolysis of the furnace from combustion of the measured amount of firewood. In my opinion, at combustion of fuel in our "System" about 1.5-2 times more energy is distinguished from fuel, than when burning in the system of "the compulsory movement of gases" which special case is the system of "Countercurrent" applied in the West. This results from the fact that heat received as a result of reaction of burning in "the system of the compulsory movement of gases" is diluted with the ballast gases (nitrogen, excessive air, water vapor) which are taking away heat on the heating and in the mixed state arrives for heating of the heat exchanger. The thermal unit of "the system of the compulsory movement of gases" consists of a toplivnik and convective system in the form of smoke channels on which gases move up, down, to the right or to the left, on the way giving the heat to walls of channels. In this system all products of burning (including cold ballast gases) and warmly uniform stream pass all way across smoke canals. By analogy it is possible to say that cold water which reduces her temperature is added to a stream of hot water, and this diluted water arrives for heating of the heat exchanger. If in the channel to make the camera of large volume, for placement of the heat exchanger, then when passing a gas stream via it his energy dissipates and it is impossible to heat the heat exchanger to the big temperature therefore the only place for placement of the heat exchanger is a toplivnik. However in this case the cold surfaces of the heat exchanger sharply reduce temperature in a toplivnik and worsen burning reaction conditions, that is the efficiency of withdrawal of energy from fuel decreases.

In the thermal unit of our System the heat exchanger is placed not in a toplivnik, and in a cap in which the gas stream is condensed in the top zone of a cap, and his high temperature influences the heat exchanger. Toplivnik is established in a cap. The lack of cold surfaces of the heat exchanger in a toplivnik raises in is mute temperature. The design of a toplivnik provides separation of conditionally cold ballast gases from a gas stream and the direction them by the heat exchanger with a cap bottom in a pipe or the second cap. Conditionally cold ballast gases can't rise in the top zone of a cap because of their bigger weight and cool a gas stream. By analogy, water pushes out on the surface of substance with smaller specific weight, than at her. Such design of the thermal unit allows to create the high-temperature field in which there is a gasification of fuel and its optimum burning in a toplivnik. The gas high-temperature stream cleaned from ballast gases rises in the top zone of a cap and influences the heat exchanger. The coppers constructed on this technology show the stunning, fantastic results. This fact is confirmed by results of operation of a wood copper of our System in a heating season of 2005-2006 constructed by the Perm firm LLC Vist, ph. 8 (342)2530164, vist-k@inbox.ru. The copper of 195х169 in size and 210 cm high heats the shop of 36х16 m in size, 9 m high, including 60 sq.m a two-storeyed part. Walls from a brick of 52 cm.

Area: 36х16+60=636 sq.m. Building volume: 36х16х9=5184 m3. The need for a pipe 57x5, (10x149+2x123) h4=70 the item of m on a copper. The heatperceiving surface of pipes of 3,14х0,057х70=12,52 sq.m that approximately corresponds to the power of 126 kW. Temperature at the exit 65-70 гр. (could more), at the exit it wasn't measured. Fuel the croaker pine crude, an expense of 1 m3 a day. Power on the burned crude fuel of 57 kW. According to the representative of Mashyanova S.A. the copper maintained temperature in the shop 18 With, at the external temperature reaching to-40 With. This fact is required to be confirmed or disproved tests. Tell about good work of coppers responses and other customers. It is possible that such tests can't be carried out by means of Dough devices.

During stay in France I was invited to visit major oldest German company Wolfshöher Tonwerke /action.redirect/url/aHR0cHM6Ly93b2xmc2hvZWhlLmRlLw== which this year is 150 years old. This firm is located near Nuremberg (Nürnberg) and incorporates three enterprises in various cities. Releases high-quality shamotny elements for a laying of household wood furnaces and also materials, necessary for a laying (mertel and plasters) environmentally friendly, with strictly set properties. We have gone with Jeanne Claude and Friedrich Motovitski there, he met us and accompanied on a trip across Germany from 13:08 for 15.08.06. The director of firm Mr. Konrad Kügel has kindly acquainted us with production.

I was pleasantly surprised by the high-automated production. In shops it is possible to meet seldom people, robots work at all repartitions. Surprisingly the fact that the firm uses four various clays which properties change in process of development of pits, and the set properties of shamotny elements strictly are maintained. This activity of firm (laboratory) is headed by Mr. Johann Reis, the graduate of 1977, Technology of Silicates department of the Ural Polytechnical institute located in Yekaterinburg. Same the institute was graduated also by me. Production control is exercised with use of computers. The firm produces thousands of various names of elements and quality materials. Many stove-setters of Germany and the adjacent countries use her services. It is possible to design and construct any furnace of our System of such elements. We can only dream of it.

After acquaintance with production of firm the meeting with leading experts of firm has been organized. Participated in a meeting: director Mr. Konrad Kügel, technical lead of firm Mr. Axel Wolf, specialist in the new equipment Mrs. Ulrike Wolf, engineer Mr. Friedrich Motovitski, chief of laboratory Mr. Johann Reis, Mr. Jean Claude and I. Several hours I told about our system and answered questions. Our System of design of furnaces has attracted great interest and has received high appreciation. Mr. Konrad Kügel called her ingenious. As discussion have exchanged opinions on possible ways of cooperation. The same assessment was given to our System by the CEO of National League of Stove-setters of Russia Mr. Kopanev V.N. after my performance of 16.06.06, at an extraordinary meeting of stove-setters of League and Guild of stove-setters of Moscow.

I.V. Kuznetsov 9/1/2006.

01/09/2006 © Igor Kuznetsov"Kuznetsov's

P.S.

My assumptions of a difference in efficiency of heatgenerators of system of "The compulsory movement of gases" (further the PDG systems), and the systems of "The free movement of gases" (further SDG), have caused even in my supporters ambiguous reaction as in this case the basis heating engineers, "the specific heat of combustion of fuel", the most important indicator of practical value of fuel is mentioned. I will try to specify some moments which have caused in me desire to publish this assumption, except data on daily amount of the burned fuel which to me was told by Mashjyanov S.A.

To receive good combustion of fuel in the PDG system, it is necessary to balance precisely supply of primary and secondary air. Insufficient air supply, in relation to its optimum value, results in the increased fuel consumption due to his incomplete combustion and to dirty burning. At excessive increase in amount of the given air process will be less effective because of losses on heating of excess air. Except these losses, there are losses on heating of water vapor and the nitrogen emitted from air which participated in burning reaction. The excess of air, nitrogen, water vapor take away heat generated as a result of reaction of burning and carry away him in a pipe, reduce temperature of gases, going on the heat exchanger, and also fuel burning temperature.

At combustion of fuel in SDG system heatgenerators, unlike heatgenerators of the PDG system it is possible to give excess amount of air. It improves oxidation by oxygen of air of combustible gases, at the same time the significant influence of ballast gases on reaction of burning is excluded. They as the coldest and heavy are pushed out down and a cap bottom through a dry seam (crack), go to a pipe carrying away less heat and don't influence the heat exchanger. Professor V.E. Grum-Grzhimaylo in the book "Flame Furnaces" the edition 2 stereotypic, Gosmashmetizdat, L-m, 1932 mentions "The law on division of gas streams". It explains why in a toplivnik of heatgenerators of the SDG system at the correct supply of primary and secondary air there is a high-temperature field where there is a thermal decomposition of fuel, division of a gas stream and combustion of the emitted gases. At the same time, the temperature in a toplivnik is higher, the it is better than a fuel gasification condition, temperature of reaction of burning and big temperature of gases going for heating of the heat exchanger is higher. Perhaps, improbable, fantastic results of work of a copper in Perm are also explained by it. However I consider that this fact is required to be confirmed or disproved tests.

Heat of combustion is defined not only theoretically, but also by practical consideration, burning a certain amount of fuel in the special devices called by calorimeters. Heat of combustion is estimated on temperature increase of water in the colorimeter. The results received by this method are close to the values calculated on elementary composition of fuel.

Except the specified method, there are also other methods of definition of heat of combustion. In article, Definition of heat of combustion of solid fuel when burning in small coppers authors: L.L. Pokrovsky, vice-the president of Academy of construction of Ukraine. A.P. Dudnikov, PhD in Technological Sciences, honored mechanician of Ukraine. I.A. Buying up, senior research associate. The new technique of definition of heat of combustion of solid fuel developed in SITsOO (Kiev) is offered. Tests of the heatgenerators intended for heating and hot water supply of buildings of individual construction are carried out in the mode of burning of one-time loading of solid fuel. Pig-iron and steel heating coppers with power up to 100 kW belong to these heatgenerators. The main element of test is definition of the lowest heat of combustion of solid fuel. They have developed the technique for definition of heat of combustion of solid fuel at his burning in heatgenerators with one-time loading allowing to receive exact results at considerable reduction of lot of primary test of fuel. It reduces labor input of tests, and thanks to determination of the actual ash-content according to the analysis of all mass of the focal remains, the accuracy of definition of heat of combustion is increased.

Thus it is possible to say that definition of heat of combustion of fuel is made in PDG system heatgenerators by combustion in which influence of ballast gases is big.

Influence of ballast gases on process of burning and calorific ability of fuel can be tracked on the example of combustion of acetylene during the gas-welding works. The calorific ability of acetylene will depend on a type of the applied oxidizer. If to give to a burning zone air, instead of oxygen, then temperature of reaction of burning and energy withdrawn from acetylene will be insufficient for cutting and welding of metal.

On the chart 1 three schedules, Feuil 1, Feui 2, Feuil 4 are shown. CO, CO2, O2, T values - combustion gases, efficiency are given in Feuil 2. On graphics of Feuil 4, temperature in a toplivnik and in the lifting channel in the second cap is shown. I am not a specialist in tests.

Norbert Senf mheat@heatkit.com has kindly executed approximate calculations of results of test of the furnace in France by the technique used in North America, here they:

From the calculations executed according to the table, average sizes of test, 0.208%; Temperature - 13.6%; CO - carried out more than 88 minutes, make: O2 173F. If we enter these values into the table - the coming-out gases in a chimney of Condar which we used for other tests, we will receive these values for the furnace a double cap with a coil: The general efficiency is 80% that is very high rate calculated with use of the method applied in North America. If we add 11% of the hidden losses of warmth (loss of water at evaporation), then we will receive with an European efficiency of 91%.

I have given the facts and figures proved by tests here and have given the proved figures and the assumptions, I apologize for it. This results from the fact that the ispytuyemy furnace in fact is a copper with very high efficiency and pure burning. In 121-this test temperature of the coming-out gases was below admissible norm 250F oc. In the tested furnaces in Canada in which there are no coils temperature of the coming-out gases was normal at high efficiency.

Association of stove-setters of North America (MOSS) carried out some tests of our furnaces in Canada, but results haven't published, http://mha-net.org/docs/v8n2/wildac06c.htm, http://mha-net.org/docs/v8n2/wildac06d.htm. Alex Chernov alex_stovemaster@yahoo.ca, took part in tests and has phoned to me that the efficiency of furnaces by results of test very high, the lower furnace of 87%, and top 85%, temperature of the coming-out gases respectively 121so, and top 149 With.

Same I have confirmed Norbert Senf:

Your experiments with primary and secondary air are represented interesting, with interesting results. During the tests which are carried out by us with Alex Chernov I have been surprised with low temperatures in a flue, low amount of excess air that shows very high efficiency. However air systems contained only primary air in all cases, and I had had an impression that combustion was quite dirty. We had a problem with measurement WITH, but contents WITH was represented very high. If it happens only because of the air given under a fuel layer, then it is good as in this case the problem is removable.

Norbert Senf writes that at test of furnaces there were problems with measurement WITH. Therefore, a statement about high WITH disputable though in my opinion also has the reasons to be. It is necessary to consider that in that and other case multipurpose furnaces were tested and they have been executed without the recommendations stated in the article "Combustion of Fuel...". In other system of combustion of fuel, nothing similar can be created.

We have passed a hard way from full misunderstanding and denial of our system before recognition of the actual results of our work. Our works were highly appreciated by scientists from various institutes, among them there are academicians, the Dr.Sci.Tech., PhD in Technological Sciences. The fact that our works are in great demand and excellent responses has helped. Creation of research, scientific and educational and methodical base in Yekaterinburg on studying and development of "the system of the free movement of gases", with attraction to work of scientists is necessary. Continuity in development of system is necessary. Such motor people as Jean Claude, interested in the end result which quickly remade the furnace for carrying out various experiments are necessary. The PDG system was studied by tens of thousands of people and was led up in vitro not one century. I speak everywhere and I write that our system is in an initial stage of development. Her laws are investigated by nobody, demand studying and new test methods. To wait for the answer from me to numerous questions, to demand from me ideal results of operation of furnaces on all standard parameters as it is some people try to do, very much it isn't serious. Mr. Kyugel has told the German saying at a meeting: "Was nichts kostet, ist nichts Wert", approximately, "That are possible, has no value", or "What gets free of charge, isn't appreciated". I well understand sense of a statement. However I have no other opportunity to leave the acquired materials to people as I am already old.

We have achieved good results in creation of a new method of combustion of fuel (without the assumption that in the SDG system about 1.5-2 times more energy is distinguished from fuel, than when burning in the PDG system which demands the proof). Tell the results of test of furnaces which are carried out in France and Canada about it. Our system "combustion of fuel in a cap and optimum maintaining the emitted energy" allows to bring (to raise) the power station efficiency, on a test method applied in North America to 80-87%, against 70% which is shown by the certified power stations at combustion of solid fuel. This system is applicable for burning of any kind of fuel, including not filled power sources, gas, oil, coal. Introduction her in life will allow to save many billion US dollars. Financial investments as further development restrains because of their absence are necessary. A number of standard solutions of power stations, certification and finishing is required to develop them to a possibility of use in power. The need for power stations in the conditions of reduction of not filled power sources, is boundless. Now the mankind spends the sources of not filled energy belonging to future generations. It will inevitably lead to environmental problems and accidents on the earth on which there have to live future generations.

I.V. Kuznetsov 12.10.06.

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