Sunny Vegetaria Kuznetsova.

(Patent of the Russian Federation 2638533, December 14, 2017)

The invention relates to heat power engineering in agriculture and can be used in heating systems of a greenhouse and adjacent block (premises) for processing products and placing various agricultural technologies. The invention is intended for year-round use on a larger middle part of Russia, including northern territories, with maximum use of local fuel resources in the furnace

Sunny Vegetarius contains a rectangular greenhouse with a flat roof. The greenhouse is made of two parts 1, 2. There is a processing unit 3, separated from the hothouse by a wall-furnace, which has the air-coolers of the lower 5 and upper 9 tiers. The heaters of the lower 5 tier are equipped with shutter doors 6, 11 and 7. The heaters of the upper 9 tier of the furnace with the doors 8 and the transoms 12 are connected to the ventilation system. There is a system of perforated pipes 10, laid in the soil of the greenhouse and connected to the heater of the lower 5 tier of the furnace, which creates microclimate and irrigation in the greenhouse. The other ends of the perforated pipes are withdrawn into the interior of the greenhouse through the channel 14. The accumulating hoods of the furnace-wall are present in each part of the greenhouse. With such an implementation, the efficiency of using energy resources for heating, ventilation and in-soil irrigation increases in any period of the year.

The object of the present invention is to save and increase the efficiency of using energy resources for heating, ventilation and for intrasoil irrigation. Autonomous energy supply of the greenhouse is provided in any period of the year. Regulation of all technological processes in the greenhouse is carried out without the use of electricity.

Technical advantages are achieved by the fact that the vegetarian has an oven-wall, with hoods accumulating thermal energy. The hood can be of any shape and volume. This allowed to divide the greenhouse into two volumes and provide in each of them the necessary microclimate, ventilation, intrasoil irrigation and gas exchange, including by redistributing the flow of gas into different caps.

Referring to Fig. 1 and 2 shows the solar vegetation scheme. Referring to Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B shown in FIG. 2, in Fig. 2 shows a section AA in FIG. 1

The vegetarian works as follows.

The wall of the calorifers 5 and 9 is heated in summer by solar energy. The wall transmits radiant, convective heat to the greenhouse and heats the air in the radiators. The same happens if in the cold period of the year the fuel is used in the furnace 12 of the furnace-wall 4. If the fuel is ignited, the furnace heats the air in the air heater 5, which heats the wall of the air heater, and the wall transmits radiant and convective heat to the greenhouse. To circulate air through the perforated pipes 10, the doors 6 open. In the air heater 5 there is a natural draft, without the use of fans, by heating the air in it with solar energy in the summer and from the furnace in the winter, which stretches through the pipes the hot and humid air of the greenhouse. The moisture condenses in the pipes 10 and irrigates the soil. Thus, there is an internal circulation of air in the greenhouse, and carbon dioxide, part of nitrogen and moisture - the main food of plants - remain in the greenhouse. Chilled and drained air returns to the greenhouse. When the door 11 is opened, internal circulation is generated in the lower area of the greenhouse, air is mixed in the greenhouse and airflow through the perforated pipes is reduced for heating and irrigation. To create or change the required microclimate and to irrigate the soil in different parts of the greenhouse 1 and 2 in the furnace-wall, the path of the gases changes due to the opening or closing of the valves. More or less gases are sent to the hoods of the furnace (heat-dissipating surfaces) - left or right. The greenhouse ventilation is performed by opening the transom 12, the door 8 and the gate 15 shown in FIG. 2. Carbon dioxide is 1.5 times heavier than air and is located in the lower zone of the greenhouse, and heat exchange takes place in the upper zone of the greenhouse, so carbon dioxide, part of nitrogen and moisture - the main food of plants - remain in the greenhouse. With closed doors 6 and 11, there is no circulation in the perforated pipes. In the lower heater 5, the temperature rises. If the extracted heat is not completely absorbed by the outer wall of the air heater 5, excessive heat enters the perforated pipes and heats the soil from below.

Any invention requires the implementation and implementation of experimental work. For this reason, it was decided to build a solar Vegetaria Kuznetsova in N. Tavolgah (next to Nevyansk), where to build a house on the site of the reprocessing block and use it as a laboratory. Construction, as well as laboratories in the village of Murzinka, was started, at the expense of the funds, my and active members of our Partnership. The frame of the greenhouse and the house are made. A wall-furnace and air-heater chambers were built. A control furnace and a test of the operation of the air-heater chambers were carried out. No more money.

It is planned to carry out a number of experiments and tests jointly with the scientists of the Department "Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources", Ural Federal University, Russia, 620002, Ekaterinburg, ul. Mira, 19. E-mail: s.e.shcheklein@urfu.ru. +7 (343) 375-95-08. Purpose, the determination of the heat output of one running meter of the furnace-wall and the air-heater. In this case, it will be possible to determine the optimum depth dimensions of the greenhouse and the processing unit, in accordance with the heat engineering calculation. It is also necessary to determine the required power of the furnace for the design of Kuznetsov's Solar Vegetarians of different widths, both for the domestic eco-farm and for industrial production. Determination of the draft produced by the heaters in summer due to the sun, in winter due to the operation of the furnace, as well as other required measurements. Determination of operating costs to ensure the operation of Vegetaria. Involvement of agricultural scientists for the application of various agricultural technologies in the Vegetaria. Determining the possibility of growing different crops. Estimates of efficiency and cost recovery of costs and other works.

The basic technological solution of the "Home eco-farm" can be

is as follows:

Closed design: for year-round production

Ecological products. It is necessary to protect plants and animals from

vagaries of weather and climate; the size of the structure is modular and

multiple of 15 m (in length)

Orientation around the world: eco-farm is compulsory

oriented along the length from east to west and is divided into

The south-facing "light-loving" part and "shadow-loving"

The northern part with a blind wall, which will maximize the

accumulate solar energy and protect the eco-farm from the north;

The southern side of the eco-farm (area about 2/3 of the area

ecofarm) is translucent and designed for production

crop production and fish farming;

The southern and northern parts are separated by a hooded wall-furnace

construction of IV Kuznetsov based on free movement

gases. Wall furnace is the main power plant,

accumulating and transmitting, as direct solar energy,

and the energy of any available local fuel, as well as

providing ventilation and gas exchange (exchange of air

feeding) between different departments of the eco-farm;

In the northern block it is possible to accommodate housing or premises

for workers, the organization of livestock or poultry

mini-farms of different directions, cultivation of mushrooms;

In the northern part of the

organic ecology farming (plant and

cattle-breeding waste) and production of eco-chernozems

(full-fledged fertile soil), soil solution (water

Extraction from ecochernozem, used for fertilization /

stimulation of plant growth and as a probiotic for animals / birds);

Technology

I.V. Kuznetsov August 23, 2018